从零开始
前言
搭建此博客是因为通过github上了解到github pages进而知道了可以把静态网页博客托管给github仓库 或许您已经通Git + Hexo 搭建个人博客网站了解到如何通过HEXO + GIT 实现个人博客网站的建立。但是尽管您已经成功建立博客网站,但是你需要对网站做合适的配置和调整才能迎合你的网站要求。本文主要介绍HEXO的基本操作命令和网站的基本配置方法。
github pages介绍
Github Pages 是 github 公司提供的免费的静态网站托管服务,用起来方便而且功能强大,不仅没有空间限制(为免费用户提供了500M空间),还可以绑定自己的域名。 到 https://pages.github.com/ 上,看到可以创建的网站有两类,一类是为自己或者是自己的组织创建站点,就是新建一个仓库,仓库的名字叫做,username.github.io 或者是 orgnizationname.github.io ,注意这里的 username 和 orgnizationname 要严格替换成你自己的用户名或者组织名,大小写也要区分,不然就会有问题。然后就往仓库里面放页面内容就行了。第二类是为项目创建网站,这个其实主要步骤都是一样的,只不过稍微比创建用户或组织网站复杂一点点。 具体的可以看这个网址的讲解Github Pages
域名注册和绑定
我是在万网注册的域名和设置DNS解析,所以我只会讲在阿里云下的域名绑定。 进入到控制台后点击自己刚买的域名进入域名管理界面,然后进行添加解析操作,按照途中所给的值填写,注意将记录值改为自己的github pages地址 最后一步必须在所建立的github仓库的主分支里建立一个CNAME文件内容为你要解析到的目地地址 注意 这个CNAME文件要放到source文件里面我的路径为
D:\hexo\blog\source\
放到这个下面的用意为你每次hexo d的时候会把你原先仓库的所有东西清除掉,所以你的CNAME文件也会没有,这样可以避免这种情况发生
hexo安装和配置
Hexo博客搭建的基础大致流程为: 安装Node.js →安装Git → 安装Hexo → 安装主题 → 本地测试运行 → 注册给github与coding并创建pages仓库 → 部署 Node.js和git的安装大家自己去网上搜下,当以上都安好后可以通过git bash来输入命令查看是否安装成功以及对应的版本
随后执行下述命令来安装hexo
npm install -g hexo-cli
hexo初始化
安装完成后要先提前建好一个文件夹,所以我在自己D盘建立了一个hexo文件夹,里面随后剪了一个blog文件夹,用命令cd到blog这个目录
cd d:/hexo/blog
执行命令
hexo init # hexo会在目标文件夹建立网站所需要的所有文件
npm install # 安装依赖包
本地启动
有了必要的各种配置文件之后就可以在本地预览效果了
hexo g # 等同于hexo generate,生成静态文件到public文件夹
hexo s # 等同于hexo server,在本地服务器运行
还有个命令
hexo clean #作用为清除静态文件夹的内容并删掉,主要用于更改变更了某些地方导致页面显示不完善
之后打开浏览器并输入IP地址 http://localhost:4000/ 查看,效果如下
新建页面和文章
hexo new "title" # 生成新文章:\source\_posts\title.md
hexo new page "title" # 生成新的页面,后面可在主题配置文件中配置页面
生成文章或页面的模板放在博客文件夹根目录下的 scaffolds/ 文件夹里面,文章对应的是 post.md ,页面对应的是page.md,草稿的是draft.md
编辑文章
打开新建的文章\source_posts\postName.md,其中postName是hexo new "title"中的title
---
title: Start My Blog Trip — Power By Hexo # 文章页面上的显示名称,可以任意修改,不会出现在URL中
date: 2017-2-10 23:49:28 # 文章生成时间,一般不改
categories: diary # 文章分类目录,多个分类使用[a,b,c]这种格式
tags: [Hexo,diary] # 文章标签
---
#这里开始使用markdown格式输入你的正文。
<!--more-->
#more标签以下的内容要点击“阅读全文”才能看见,#more标签以上的内容为你首页显示文章的摘要部分
MD文章编辑
如果你对MD语法不熟悉,推荐你去马克飞象使用它的在线网页编辑,可以实现一边打字一边查看效果,很方便。 地址:https://maxiang.io/
常用命令总结
hexo init [folder] # 初始化一个网站。如果没有设置 folder ,Hexo 默认在目前的文件夹建立网站
hexo new [layout] <title> # 新建一篇文章。如果没有设置 layout 的话,默认使用 _config.yml 中的 default_layout 参数代替。如果标题包含空格的话,请使用引号括起来
hexo version # 查看版本
hexo clean # 清除缓存文件 (db.json) 和已生成的静态文件 (public)
hexo g # 等于hexo generate # 生成静态文件
hexo s # 等于hexo server # 本地预览
hexo d # 等于hexo deploy # 部署,可与hexo g合并为 hexo d -g
安装主题
前言
截止2017年,hexo和next都在更新,现今网上的版本和其对应的配置文件都已经发生了巨大的变化,所以我把官网最新的17年的版本配置文件的详情给大家来讲解,大家可以下最新的版本和看我的配置进行修改。
主题下载
hexo主题有很多,这里我自己使用的next主题所以就以它来讲。我的版本为v5.1.0(目前最新) 下载地址: https://github.com/iissnan/hexo-theme-next/releases 把下来的文件夹解压和更名为next,并复制到theme目录下
HEXO网站的配置文件
在根目录下的_config.yml主要是对网站的总属性进行设置
如:网站标题,网站logo,网站插件使用等全局的属性
主题目录下的_config.yml主要是针对网站的布局,导航等特性设置进行设置
我的根目录配置文件
## Hexo Configuration
## Docs: https://hexo.io/docs/configuration.html
## Source: https://github.com/hexojs/hexo/
## Site
title: Water Sister's Blog
subtitle: 生活、技术个人博客
description: 思考中.....
author: Yang ZiHao
language: zh-Hans
timezone:
## URL
## If your site is put in a subdirectory, set url as 'http://yoursite.com/child' and root as '/child/'
url: http://www.cduyzh.com
root: /
permalink: :title/
permalink_defaults:
## Directory
source_dir: source
public_dir: public
tag_dir: tags
archive_dir: archives
category_dir: categories
code_dir: downloads/code
i18n_dir: :lang
skip_render:
- baidu_verify_n9RJHacKra.html
- google5caece7c800b9ce3.html
## Writing
new_post_name: :title.md # File name of new posts
default_layout: post
titlecase: false # Transform title into titlecase
external_link: true # Open external links in new tab
filename_case: 0
render_drafts: false
post_asset_folder: true
relative_link: false
future: true
highlight:
enable: true
line_number: true
auto_detect: false
tab_replace:
## Category & Tag
default_category: uncategorized
category_map:
tag_map:
## Date / Time format
## Hexo uses Moment.js to parse and display date
## You can customize the date format as defined in
## http://momentjs.com/docs/#/displaying/format/
date_format: YYYY-MM-DD
time_format: HH:mm:ss
## Pagination
## Set per_page to 0 to disable pagination
per_page: 10
pagination_dir: page
## Extensions
Plugins:
- hexo-generator-sitemap
- hexo-generator-baidu-sitemap
## Plugins: https://hexo.io/plugins/
## Themes: https://hexo.io/themes/
theme: next
## Deployment
## Docs: https://hexo.io/docs/deployment.html
deploy:
type: git
repo:
github: git@github.com:cduyzh/cduyzh.github.io.git,master
index_generator:
per_page: 5
archive_generator:
per_page: 20
yearly: true
monthly: true
tag_generator:
per_page: 10
menu:
about: /about
#头像设置
avatar: /images/yzh.jpg
## 多说热评文章 true 或者 false
duoshuo_hotartical: true
#sitemap
## hexo sitemap
sitemap:
path: sitemap.xml
baidusitemap:
path: baidusitemap.xml
#local search
search:
path: search.xml
field: post
format: html
limit: 1000
我的主题目录配置文件
## ---------------------------------------------------------------
## Site Information Settings
## ---------------------------------------------------------------
## Put your favicon.ico into `hexo-site/source/` directory.
favicon: /images/favicon.ico
## Set default keywords (Use a comma to separate)
keywords: "cduyzh前端开发博客"
## Set rss to false to disable feed link.
## Leave rss as empty to use site's feed link.
## Set rss to specific value if you have burned your feed already.
rss:
## Specify the date when the site was setup
#since: 2015
## icon between year and author @Footer
authoricon: tint
## Footer `powered-by` and `theme-info` copyright
copyright: false
## Canonical, set a canonical link tag in your hexo, you could use it for your SEO of blog.
## See: https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/139066
## Tips: Before you open this tag, remember set up your URL in hexo _config.yml ( ex. url: http://yourdomain.com )
canonical: true
## Change headers hierarchy on site-subtitle (will be main site description) and on all post/pages titles for better SEO-optimization.
seo: true
## ---------------------------------------------------------------
## Menu Settings
## ---------------------------------------------------------------
## When running the site in a subdirectory (e.g. domain.tld/blog), remove the leading slash (/archives -> archives)
menu:
home: /
categories: /categories
about: /about
archives: /archives
tags: /tags
#commonweal: /404.html
#sitemap: /sitemap.xml
life: /categories/life
technology: //categories/technology
## Enable/Disable menu icons.
## Icon Mapping:
## Map a menu item to a specific FontAwesome icon name.
## Key is the name of menu item and value is the name of FontAwesome icon. Key is case-senstive.
## When an question mask icon presenting up means that the item has no mapping icon.
menu_icons:
enable: true
#KeyMapsToMenuItemKey: NameOfTheIconFromFontAwesome
home: home
about: user
categories: th
schedule: calendar
tags: tags
archives: archive
sitemap: sitemap
commonweal: heart
life: coffee
technology: cog
## ---------------------------------------------------------------
## Scheme Settings
## ---------------------------------------------------------------
## Schemes
#scheme: Muse
scheme: Mist
#scheme: Pisces
## ---------------------------------------------------------------
## Font Settings
## - Find fonts on Google Fonts (https://www.google.com/fonts)
## - All fonts set here will have the following styles:
## light, light italic, normal, normal italic, bold, bold italic
## - Be aware that setting too much fonts will cause site running slowly
## - Introduce in 5.0.1
## ---------------------------------------------------------------
font:
enable: true
# Uri of fonts host. E.g. //fonts.googleapis.com (Default)
host:
# Global font settings used on <body> element.
global:
# external: true will load this font family from host.
external: true
family: Lato
# Font settings for Headlines (h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6)
# Fallback to `global` font settings.
headings:
external: true
family:
# Font settings for posts
# Fallback to `global` font settings.
posts:
external: true
family:
# Font settings for Logo
# Fallback to `global` font settings.
# The `size` option use `px` as unit
logo:
external: true
family:
size:
# Font settings for <code> and code blocks.
codes:
external: true
family:
size:
## ---------------------------------------------------------------
## Sidebar Settings
## ---------------------------------------------------------------
## Social Links
## Key is the link label showing to end users.
## Value is the target link (E.g. GitHub: https://github.com/iissnan)
social:
#LinkLabel: Link
GitHub: https://github.com/cduyzh
知乎: https://www.zhihu.com/people/yang-zi-hao-cheng-du-da-xue
Weibo: http://weibo.com/3290722423/
QQ: http://wpa.qq.com/msgrd?v=3&uin=450311265&site=qq&menu=yes
## Social Links Icons
## Icon Mapping:
## Map a menu item to a specific FontAwesome icon name.
## Key is the name of the item and value is the name of FontAwesome icon. Key is case-senstive.
## When an globe mask icon presenting up means that the item has no mapping icon.
social_icons:
enable: true
# Icon Mappings.
# KeyMapsToSocialItemKey: NameOfTheIconFromFontAwesome
GitHub: github
#Twitter: twitter
Weibo: weibo
QQ: qq
## Sidebar Avatar
## in theme directory(source/images): /images/avatar.jpg
## in site directory(source/uploads): /uploads/avatar.jpg
#avatar:
## Table Of Contents in the Sidebar
toc:
enable: true
# Automatically add list number to toc.
number: true
## Creative Commons 4.0 International License.
## http://creativecommons.org/
## Available: by | by-nc | by-nc-nd | by-nc-sa | by-nd | by-sa | zero
#creative_commons: by-nc-sa
#creative_commons:
sidebar:
# Sidebar Position, available value: left | right
position: left
#position: right
# Sidebar Display, available value:
# - post expand on posts automatically. Default.
# - always expand for all pages automatically
# - hide expand only when click on the sidebar toggle icon.
# - remove Totally remove sidebar including sidebar toggle.
#display: post
display: always
#display: hide
#display: remove
# Sidebar offset from top menubar in pixels.
offset: 12
offset_float: 0
# Back to top in sidebar
b2t: false
# Scroll percent label in b2t button
scrollpercent: false
## Blog rolls
links_title: Links
#links_layout: block
#links_layout: inline
links:
hexo: https://hexo.io/zh-cn/
next: http://theme-next.iissnan.com/
web project: http://www.watersister.top
## ---------------------------------------------------------------
## Post Settings
## ---------------------------------------------------------------
## Automatically scroll page to section which is under <!-- more --> mark.
scroll_to_more: true
## Automatically excerpt description in homepage as preamble text.
excerpt_description: true
## Automatically Excerpt. Not recommend.
## Please use <!-- more --> in the post to control excerpt accurately.
auto_excerpt:
enable: true
length: 400
## Post meta display settings
post_meta:
item_text: true
created_at: true
updated_at: false
categories: true
## Post wordcount display settings
## Dependencies: https://github.com/willin/hexo-wordcount
post_wordcount:
item_text: true
wordcount: true
min2read: true
#Wechat Subscriber
#wechat_subscriber:
## enabled: true
## qcode: /images/wechatpay.jpg
## description: subscribe to my blog by scanning my public wechat account
## ---------------------------------------------------------------
## Misc Theme Settings
## ---------------------------------------------------------------
## Custom Logo.
## !!Only available for Default Scheme currently.
## Options:
## enabled: [true/false] - Replace with specific image
## image: url-of-image - Images's url
custom_logo:
enabled: false
image:
## Code Highlight theme
## Available value:
## normal | night | night eighties | night blue | night bright
## https://github.com/chriskempson/tomorrow-theme
highlight_theme: night
## ---------------------------------------------------------------
## Third Party Services Settings
## ---------------------------------------------------------------
## MathJax Support
mathjax:
enable: false
per_page: false
cdn: //cdn.mathjax.org/mathjax/latest/MathJax.js?config=TeX-AMS-MML_HTMLorMML
## Swiftype Search API Key
#swiftype_key:
## Baidu Analytics ID
#baidu_analytics:
## Duoshuo ShortName
duoshuo_shortname: cduyzh
## Disqus
#disqus_shortname:
## Hypercomments
#hypercomments_id:
## Gentie productKey
#gentie_productKey:
## Support for youyan comments system.
## You can get your uid from http://www.uyan.cc
#youyan_uid: your uid
## Support for LiveRe comments system.
## You can get your uid from https://livere.com/insight/myCode (General web site)
#livere_uid: your uid
## Baidu Share
## Available value:
## button | slide
## Warning: Baidu Share does not support https.
#baidushare:
## type: button
## Share
#jiathis:
## Warning: JiaThis does not support https.
#add_this_id:
## Share
duoshuo_share: true
## Google Webmaster tools verification setting
## See: https://www.google.com/webmasters/
#google_site_verification:
## Google Analytics
#google_analytics:
## Yandex Webmaster tools verification setting
## See: https://webmaster.yandex.ru/
#yandex_site_verification:
## CNZZ count
#cnzz_siteid:
## Application Insights
## See https://azure.microsoft.com/en-us/services/application-insights/
## application_insights:
## Make duoshuo show UA
## user_id must NOT be null when admin_enable is true!
## you can visit http://dev.duoshuo.com get duoshuo user id.
duoshuo_info:
ua_enable: true
admin_enable: false
user_id: 6224774254659896065
admin_nickname: author
## Facebook SDK Support.
## https://github.com/iissnan/hexo-theme-next/pull/410
facebook_sdk:
enable: false
app_id: #<app_id>
fb_admin: #<user_id>
like_button: #true
webmaster: #true
## Facebook comments plugin
## This plugin depends on Facebook SDK.
## If facebook_sdk.enable is false, Facebook comments plugin is unavailable.
facebook_comments_plugin:
enable: false
num_of_posts: 10 # min posts num is 1
width: 100% # default width is 550px
scheme: light # default scheme is light (light or dark)
## VKontakte API Support.
## To get your AppID visit https://vk.com/editapp?act=create
vkontakte_api:
enable: false
app_id: #<app_id>
like: true
comments: true
num_of_posts: 10
## Show number of visitors to each article.
## You can visit https://leancloud.cn get AppID and AppKey.
leancloud_visitors:
enable: true
app_id: TxBSdzFliqxOpec29xEd8pO5-gzGzoHsz
app_key: 5rH911Nhs9V7AWFjEYqe8Bz7
## Show PV/UV of the website/page with busuanzi.
## Get more information on http://ibruce.info/2015/04/04/busuanzi/
busuanzi_count:
# count values only if the other configs are false
enable: true
# custom uv span for the whole site
site_uv: true
site_uv_header: <i class="fa fa-user"></i> 访问用户:
site_uv_footer: 人
# custom pv span for the whole site
site_pv: true
site_pv_header: <i class="fa fa-eye"></i> 访问次数:
site_pv_footer: 次
# custom pv span for one page only
page_pv: false
page_pv_header: <i class="fa fa-file-o"></i> 点击量
page_pv_footer: 次
## Tencent analytics ID
## tencent_analytics:
## Tencent MTA ID
## tencent_mta:
## Enable baidu push so that the blog will push the url to baidu automatically which is very helpful for SEO
baidu_push: true
## Google Calendar
## Share your recent schedule to others via calendar page
## ## API Documentation:
## https://developers.google.com/google-apps/calendar/v3/reference/events/list
calendar:
enable: false
calendar_id: <required>
api_key: <required>
orderBy: startTime
offsetMax: 24
offsetMin: 4
timeZone:
showDeleted: false
singleEvents: true
maxResults: 250
## Algolia Search
algolia_search:
enable: false
hits:
per_page: 10
labels:
input_placeholder: Search for Posts
hits_empty: "We didn't find any results for the search: ${query}"
hits_stats: "${hits} results found in ${time} ms"
## Local search
local_search:
enable: true
## External URL with BASE64 encrypt & decrypt
## Usage: {% exturl text url "title" %}
## Alias: {% extlink text url "title" %}
exturl: false
#! ---------------------------------------------------------------
#! DO NOT EDIT THE FOLLOWING SETTINGS
#! UNLESS YOU KNOW WHAT YOU ARE DOING
#! ---------------------------------------------------------------
## Motion
use_motion: true
## Fancybox
fancybox: true
## Canvas-nest
canvas_nest: true
## Script Vendors.
## Set a CDN address for the vendor you want to customize.
## For example
## jquery: https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.2.0/jquery.min.js
## Be aware that you should use the same version as internal ones to avoid potential problems.
## Please use the https protocol of CDN files when you enable https on your site.
vendors:
# Internal path prefix. Please do not edit it.
_internal: lib
# Internal version: 2.1.3
jquery: //cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/2.1.3/jquery.min.js
# Internal version: 2.1.5
# Fancybox: http://fancyapps.com/fancybox/
fancybox: //cdn.bootcss.com/fancybox/2.1.5/jquery.fancybox.pack.js
fancybox_css: //cdn.bootcss.com/fancybox/2.1.5/jquery.fancybox.min.css
# Internal version: 1.0.6
fastclick: //cdn.bootcss.com/fastclick/1.0.6/fastclick.min.js
# Internal version: 1.9.7
# See: https://github.com/tuupola/jquery_lazyload
lazyload: //cdn.bootcss.com/jquery_lazyload/1.9.7/jquery.lazyload.min.js
# Internal version: 1.2.1
velocity:
# Internal version: 1.2.1
velocity_ui:
# Internal version: 0.7.9
# See: https://faisalman.github.io/ua-parser-js/
ua_parser:
# Internal version: 4.6.2
# See: http://fontawesome.io/
fontawesome: //cdn.bootcss.com/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css
# Internal version: 1
# https://www.algolia.com
algolia_instant_js:
algolia_instant_css:
# Internal version: 1.0.0
# https://github.com/hustcc/canvas-nest.js
canvas_nest: //cdn.bootcss.com/canvas-nest.js/1.0.1/canvas-nest.min.js
## Assets
css: css
js: js
images: images
## Theme version
version: 5.1.0
## 多说热评文章 true 或者 false
duoshuo_hotartical: true
reward_comment: 坚持原创技术分享,您的支持将鼓励我继续创作!
wechatpay: /images/wechatpay.jpg
alipay: /images/alipay.jpg
PS:可以不用一次性看完,理解下各个属性即可,官网也没有对所有配置的中文解释,只有一些例子配置对应的参数而已。
相信绝大数人都没看完,大家可以后面自己配置的时候再来看。
启用主题
打开站点配置文件, 找到 theme 字段,并将其值更改为 next
theme: next
注意:后有个空格必须要有空格哦 然后 hexo s 即可在localshost:4000地址里预览主题效果
更换主题外观
next有三个主题样式
## Schemes
#scheme: Muse
scheme: Mist
#scheme: Pisces
我用的是第二个
更换语言为中文,在根目录配置文件下配置language: zh-Hans
## Site
title: Water Sister's Blog
subtitle: 生活、技术个人博客
description: 思考中.....
author: Yang ZiHao
language: zh-Hans
timezone:
添加网站小图标
在主题目录配置文件下设置
## Put your favicon.ico into `hexo-site/source/` directory.
favicon: /images/favicon.ico
大部分的设定都能在NexT的官方文档 里面找到,如侧栏、头像、打赏、评论、订阅、连接、分享、数据统计等等,在此就不多讲了,照着文档走就行了,接下只是个性定制的问题。 所以给个官方文档大家可以自己去看一遍: http://theme-next.iissnan.com/theme-settings.html
部署发行项目
前言
假设前面已经注册了github帐号和创建了对应的仓库,通过配置SSH来建立连接。
生成SSH
$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "邮件地址@youremail.com"
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/Users/your_user_directory/.ssh/id_rsa):<回车>
系统会要求你输入密码,这里设置的密码主要是在你提交Git时弹出密码认证,不想输入直接回车
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):<输入加密串>
Enter same passphrase again:<再次输入加密串>
成功后如图:
配置SSH
找到id_rsa.pub 并复制文件内容 id_rsa.pub文件一般位于电脑用户配置文件夹下的一个.ssh文件下C:\Users\你的用户名.ssh 登录Github并添加密钥 进入github首页在右上角选择settings设置。 创建一个新的SSH key,图中显示我已经创建好了。 title可以随便取
测试通过git bash链接到Git
链接Git
$ ssh -T git@github.com
提示如下:yes
The authenticity of host 'github.com (207.65.227.44)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 16:27:42:18:60:1d:7b:13:d2:b5:c4:20:7e:56:86:d8:71:f3
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?
以下为成功链接到Git
Hi XXXX! You've successfully authenticated, but GitHub does not provide shell access.
使用Git bash简单的设置一下用户信息:
git config --global user.name your name
git config --global user.email your_email@youremail.com
部署到Github
在此之前,先安装Git部署插件
npm install hexo-deployer-git --save
打开根目录配置文件,拉到底部,修改部署配置:
deploy:
type: git
repo:
github: git@github.com:cduyzh/cduyzh.github.io.git,master
注意冒号后面是网站对应的用户名,接着就是/,然后再是你的项目名加上 .git,master
保存后终端执行
hexo clean
hexo g
hexo d
结果如下为成功上传
总结
到这里基本上完成了hexo的配置和项目的上传,后面我会讲一些文章的编辑,分类,标签的运用,还会对next主题进行一些分析,如果想自己设置主题和样式建议先把next主题的官方中文文档看一下,我会对其中的一些进行解释。
更多建议: