PHPUnit9.0 编写PHPUnit测试-数据供给器

测试方法可以接受任意参数。这些参数由一个或多个数据供给器方法（在示例 2.5 中，是 ​additionProvider()​ 方法）提供。用 ​@dataProvider ​标注来指定要使用的数据供给器方法。

数据供给器方法必须声明为 ​public​，其返回值要么是一个数组，其每个元素也是数组；要么是一个实现了 ​Iterator ​接口的对象，在对它进行迭代时每步产生一个数组。每个数组都是测试数据集的一部分，将以它的内容作为参数来调用测试方法。

示例 2.5 使用返回数组的数组的数据供给器

<?php declare(strict_types=1);
use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;

final class DataTest extends TestCase
{
    /**
     * @dataProvider additionProvider
     */
    public function testAdd(int $a, int $b, int $expected): void
    {
        $this->assertSame($expected, $a + $b);
    }

    public function additionProvider(): array
    {
        return [
            [0, 0, 0],
            [0, 1, 1],
            [1, 0, 1],
            [1, 1, 3]
        ];
    }
}

$ phpunit DataTest
PHPUnit latest.0 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

...F

Time: 0 seconds, Memory: 5.75Mb

There was 1 failure:

1) DataTest::testAdd with data set #3 (1, 1, 3)
Failed asserting that 2 is identical to 3.

/home/sb/DataTest.php:9

FAILURES!
Tests: 4, Assertions: 4, Failures: 1.

当使用到大量数据集时，最好逐个用字符串键名对其命名，避免用默认的数字键名。这样输出信息会更加详细些，其中将包含打断测试的数据集所对应的名称。
示例 2.6 将数据供给器与命名数据集一起使用

<?php declare(strict_types=1);
use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;

final class DataTest extends TestCase
{
    /**
     * @dataProvider additionProvider
     */
    public function testAdd(int $a, int $b, int $expected): void
    {
        $this->assertSame($expected, $a + $b);
    }

    public function additionProvider(): array
    {
        return [
            'adding zeros'  => [0, 0, 0],
            'zero plus one' => [0, 1, 1],
            'one plus zero' => [1, 0, 1],
            'one plus one'  => [1, 1, 3]
        ];
    }
}

$ phpunit DataTest
PHPUnit latest.0 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

...F

Time: 0 seconds, Memory: 5.75Mb

There was 1 failure:

1) DataTest::testAdd with data set "one plus one" (1, 1, 3)
Failed asserting that 2 is identical to 3.

/home/sb/DataTest.php:9

FAILURES!
Tests: 4, Assertions: 4, Failures: 1.

示例 2.7 使用返回 Iterator 对象的数据供给器

<?php declare(strict_types=1);
use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;

final class DataTest extends TestCase
{
    /**
     * @dataProvider additionProvider
     */
    public function testAdd(int $a, int $b, int $expected): void
    {
        $this->assertSame($expected, $a + $b);
    }

    public function additionProvider(): CsvFileIterator
    {
        return new CsvFileIterator('data.csv');
    }
}

$ phpunit DataTest
PHPUnit latest.0 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

...F

Time: 0 seconds, Memory: 5.75Mb

There was 1 failure:

1) DataTest::testAdd with data set #3 ('1', '1', '3')
Failed asserting that 2 is identical to 3.

/home/sb/DataTest.php:11

FAILURES!
Tests: 4, Assertions: 4, Failures: 1.

示例 2.8 CsvFileIterator 类

<?php declare(strict_types=1);
use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;

final class CsvFileIterator implements Iterator
{
    private $file;
    private $key = 0;
    private $current;

    public function __construct(string $file)
    {
        $this->file = fopen($file, 'r');
    }

    public function __destruct()
    {
        fclose($this->file);
    }

    public function rewind(): void
    {
        rewind($this->file);

        $this->current = fgetcsv($this->file);
        $this->key     = 0;
    }

    public function valid(): bool
    {
        return !feof($this->file);
    }

    public function key(): int
    {
        return $this->key;
    }

    public function current(): array
    {
        return $this->current;
    }

    public function next(): void
    {
        $this->current = fgetcsv($this->file);

        $this->key++;
    }
}

如果测试同时从 ​@dataProvider​ 方法和一个或多个 ​@depends​ 测试接收数据，那么来自于数据供给器的参数将先于来自所依赖的测试的。来自于所依赖的测试的参数对于每个数据集都是一样的。参见示例 2.9
示例 2.9 在同一个测试中组合 ​@depends​ 和 ​@dataProvider​

<?php declare(strict_types=1);
use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;

final class DependencyAndDataProviderComboTest extends TestCase
{
    public function provider(): array
    {
        return [['provider1'], ['provider2']];
    }

    public function testProducerFirst(): void
    {
        $this->assertTrue(true);

        return 'first';
    }

    public function testProducerSecond(): void
    {
        $this->assertTrue(true);

        return 'second';
    }

    /**
     * @depends testProducerFirst
     * @depends testProducerSecond
     * @dataProvider provider
     */
    public function testConsumer(): void
    {
        $this->assertSame(
            ['provider1', 'first', 'second'],
            func_get_args()
        );
    }
}

$ phpunit --verbose DependencyAndDataProviderComboTest
PHPUnit latest.0 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

...F

Time: 0 seconds, Memory: 3.50Mb

There was 1 failure:

1) DependencyAndDataProviderComboTest::testConsumer with data set #1 ('provider2')
Failed asserting that two arrays are identical.
--- Expected
+++ Actual
@@ @@
Array &0 (
-    0 => 'provider1'
+    0 => 'provider2'
     1 => 'first'
     2 => 'second'
)
/home/sb/DependencyAndDataProviderComboTest.php:32

FAILURES!
Tests: 4, Assertions: 4, Failures: 1.

示例 2.10 对单个测试使用多个数据供给器

<?php declare(strict_types=1);
use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;

final class DataTest extends TestCase
{
    /**
     * @dataProvider additionWithNonNegativeNumbersProvider
     * @dataProvider additionWithNegativeNumbersProvider
     */
    public function testAdd(int $a, int $b, int $expected): void
    {
        $this->assertSame($expected, $a + $b);
    }

    public function additionWithNonNegativeNumbersProvider(): void
    {
        return [
            [0, 1, 1],
            [1, 0, 1],
            [1, 1, 3]
        ];
    }

    public function additionWithNegativeNumbersProvider(): array
    {
        return [
            [-1, 1, 0],
            [-1, -1, -2],
            [1, -1, 0]
        ];
    }
 }

$ phpunit DataTest
PHPUnit latest.0 by Sebastian Bergmann and contributors.

..F...                                                              6 / 6 (100%)

Time: 0 seconds, Memory: 5.75Mb

There was 1 failure:

1) DataTest::testAdd with data set #3 (1, 1, 3)
Failed asserting that 2 is identical to 3.

/home/sb/DataTest.php:12

FAILURES!
Tests: 6, Assertions: 6, Failures: 1.

如果一个测试依赖于另外一个使用了数据供给器的测试，仅当被依赖的测试至少能在一组数据上成功时，依赖于它的测试才会运行。使用了数据供给器的测试，其运行结果是无法注入到依赖于此测试的其他测试中的。

所有数据供给器方法的执行都是在对 ​setUpBeforeClass()​ 静态方法的调用和第一次对 ​setUp() ​方法的调用之前完成的。因此，无法在数据供给器中使用创建于这两个方法内的变量。这是必须的，这样 PHPUnit 才能计算测试的总数量。