第二步：构建系统

第二步 构建系统

如果你经常参与web社区，那么你应该听说过Browserify和Webpack工具。如果不使用它们，你将面临手动的在HTML输入很多<script>标签，并且需要将JS代码放到合适的地方。

并且，我们还不能直接在浏览器使用ES6，在将代码提供给用户之前，我们需要用Babel将它们转换为ES5代码。

我们将使用Gulp和Browserify而不用Webpack。我并不认为它们两个谁优谁劣，但我想说Gulp+Browserify比等价的Webpack文件要直观多了，我还没有在任何React boilerplate项目中看到一个易于理解的webpack.config.js文件。

创建文件gulpfile.js并粘贴下面的代码：

var gulp = require('gulp');
var gutil = require('gulp-util');
var gulpif = require('gulp-if');
var streamify = require('gulp-streamify');
var autoprefixer = require('gulp-autoprefixer');
var cssmin = require('gulp-cssmin');
var less = require('gulp-less');
var concat = require('gulp-concat');
var plumber = require('gulp-plumber');
var source = require('vinyl-source-stream');
var babelify = require('babelify');
var browserify = require('browserify');
var watchify = require('watchify');
var uglify = require('gulp-uglify');

var production = process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production';

var dependencies = [
  'alt',
  'react',
  'react-router',
  'underscore'
];

/*
 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 | Combine all JS libraries into a single file for fewer HTTP requests.
 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
gulp.task('vendor', function() {
  return gulp.src([
    'bower_components/jquery/dist/jquery.js',
    'bower_components/bootstrap/dist/js/bootstrap.js',
    'bower_components/magnific-popup/dist/jquery.magnific-popup.js',
    'bower_components/toastr/toastr.js'
  ]).pipe(concat('vendor.js'))
    .pipe(gulpif(production, uglify({ mangle: false })))
    .pipe(gulp.dest('public/js'));
});

/*
 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 | Compile third-party dependencies separately for faster performance.
 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
gulp.task('browserify-vendor', function() {
  return browserify()
    .require(dependencies)
    .bundle()
    .pipe(source('vendor.bundle.js'))
    .pipe(gulpif(production, streamify(uglify({ mangle: false }))))
    .pipe(gulp.dest('public/js'));
});

/*
 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 | Compile only project files, excluding all third-party dependencies.
 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
gulp.task('browserify', ['browserify-vendor'], function() {
  return browserify('app/main.js')
    .external(dependencies)
    .transform(babelify)
    .bundle()
    .pipe(source('bundle.js'))
    .pipe(gulpif(production, streamify(uglify({ mangle: false }))))
    .pipe(gulp.dest('public/js'));
});

/*
 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 | Same as browserify task, but will also watch for changes and re-compile.
 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
gulp.task('browserify-watch', ['browserify-vendor'], function() {
  var bundler = watchify(browserify('app/main.js', watchify.args));
  bundler.external(dependencies);
  bundler.transform(babelify);
  bundler.on('update', rebundle);
  return rebundle();

  function rebundle() {
    var start = Date.now();
    return bundler.bundle()
      .on('error', function(err) {
        gutil.log(gutil.colors.red(err.toString()));
      })
      .on('end', function() {
        gutil.log(gutil.colors.green('Finished rebundling in', (Date.now() - start) + 'ms.'));
      })
      .pipe(source('bundle.js'))
      .pipe(gulp.dest('public/js/'));
  }
});

/*
 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 | Compile LESS stylesheets.
 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 */
gulp.task('styles', function() {
  return gulp.src('app/stylesheets/main.less')
    .pipe(plumber())
    .pipe(less())
    .pipe(autoprefixer())
    .pipe(gulpif(production, cssmin()))
    .pipe(gulp.dest('public/css'));
});

gulp.task('watch', function() {
  gulp.watch('app/stylesheets/**/*.less', ['styles']);
});

gulp.task('default', ['styles', 'vendor', 'browserify-watch', 'watch']);
gulp.task('build', ['styles', 'vendor', 'browserify']);

如果你从未使用过Gulp，这里有一个很棒的教程《An Introduction to Gulp.js》

下面简单介绍一下每个Gulp任务是干嘛的。

下面，我们将注意力转移到项目结构上，我们将创建gulpfile.js需要的文件和文件夹。