队列是一种 FIFO
(先进先出)的数据结构,本文要讲的 BlockingQueue
也是一种队列,而且强调了线程安全的特性。
BlockingQueue
全称:java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue
。它是是一个线程安全的队列接口,多个线程能够以并发的方式从队列中插入数据,取出数据的同时不会出现线程安全的问题。
生产者和消费者例子
BlockingQueue
通常用于消费者线程向队列存入数据,消费者线程从队列中取出数据,具体如下
- 生产者线程不停的向队列中插入数据,直到队列满了,生产者线程被阻塞
- 消费者线程不停的从队列中取出数据,直到队列为空,消费者线程被阻塞
(推荐教程:Java教程)
BlockingQueue 方法
BlockingQueue
提供 4 种不同类型的方法用于插入数,取出数据以及检查数据,具体如下
- 操作失败,抛出异常
- 无论成功/失败,立即返回
true/false
- 如果队列为空/满,阻塞当前线程
- 如果队列为空/满,阻塞当前线程并有超时机制插入
add(o)
offer(o)
put(o)
offer(o, timeout, timeunit)
取出remove(o)
poll()
take()
poll(timeout, timeunit)
检查element()
peek()
BlockingQueue 的具体实现类
BlockingQueue
只是一个接口,在实际开发中有如下的类实现了该接口。
- ArrayBlockingQueue
- DelayQueue
- LinkedBlockingQueue
- PriorityBlockingQueue
- SynchronousQueue
ArrayBlockingQueue 的使用
这里以 BlockingQueue
接口的具体实现类 ArrayBlockingQueue
举例。通过 ArrayBlockingQueue
实现一个消费者和生产者多线程模型。
核心内容如下:
- 以
ArrayBlockingQueue
作为生产者和消费者的数据容器 - 通过
ExecutorService
启动 3 个线程,2 两个生产者,1 个消费者 - 指定数据总量
(推荐微课:Java微课)
生产者线程
ArrayBlockingQueueProducer
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
/**
* 生产者线程向容器存入指定总量的 任务
*
*/
public class ArrayBlockingQueueProducer implements Runnable {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ArrayBlockingQueueProducer.class);
// 容器
private ArrayBlockingQueue<String> queue;
// 生产指定的数量
private AtomicInteger numberOfElementsToProduce;
public ArrayBlockingQueueProducer(ArrayBlockingQueue<String> queue, AtomicInteger numberOfElementsToProduce) {
this.queue = queue;
this.numberOfElementsToProduce = numberOfElementsToProduce;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while (numberOfElementsToProduce.get() > 0) {
try {
// 向队列中存入任务
String task = String.format("task_%s", numberOfElementsToProduce.getAndUpdate(x -> x-1));
queue.put(task);
logger.info("thread {}, produce task {}", Thread.currentThread().getName(), task);
// 任务为0,生产者线程退出
if (numberOfElementsToProduce.get() == 0) {
break;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error(this.getClass().getName().concat(". has error"), e);
}
}
}
消费者线程
ArrayBlockingQueueConsumer
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
/**
* 消费者线程向容器 消费 指定总量的任务
*
*/
public class ArrayBlockingQueueConsumer implements Runnable {
private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ArrayBlockingQueueConsumer.class);
private ArrayBlockingQueue<String> queue;
private AtomicInteger numberOfElementsToProduce;
public ArrayBlockingQueueConsumer(ArrayBlockingQueue<String> queue, AtomicInteger numberOfElementsToProduce) {
this.queue = queue;
this.numberOfElementsToProduce = numberOfElementsToProduce;
}
@Override
public void run() {
try {
while (!queue.isEmpty() || numberOfElementsToProduce.get() >= 0) {
// 从队列中获取任务,并执行任务
String task = queue.take();
logger.info("thread {} consume task {}", Thread.currentThread().getName(),task);
// 队列中数据为空,消费者线程退出
if (queue.isEmpty()) {
break;
}
}
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error(this.getClass().getName().concat(". has error"), e);
}
}
}
测试 TestBlockingQueue
import com.ckjava.synchronizeds.appCache.WaitUtils;
import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
/**
* 1. 以 ArrayBlockingQueue 作为生产者和消费者的数据容器 <br>
* 2. 通过 ExecutorService 启动 3 个线程,2 两个生产者,1 个消费者 <br>
* 3. 指定数据总量
*/
public class TestBlockingQueue {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ArrayBlockingQueue<String> arrayBlockingQueue = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(10);
/*BlockingQueue delayQueue = new DelayQueue();
BlockingQueue<String> linkedBlockingQueue = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>(10);
BlockingQueue<String> priorityBlockingQueue = new PriorityBlockingQueue<>(10);
BlockingQueue<String> synchronousQueue = new SynchronousQueue<>();*/
ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
// 最多生产 5 个数据
AtomicInteger numberOfElementsToProduce = new AtomicInteger(5);
// 2 个生产者线程
executorService.submit(new ArrayBlockingQueueProducer(arrayBlockingQueue, numberOfElementsToProduce));
executorService.submit(new ArrayBlockingQueueProducer(arrayBlockingQueue, numberOfElementsToProduce));
// 1 个消费者线程
executorService.submit(new ArrayBlockingQueueConsumer(arrayBlockingQueue, numberOfElementsToProduce));
executorService.shutdown();
WaitUtils.waitUntil(() -> executorService.isTerminated(), 1000L);
}
}
输出如下:
13:54:17.884 [pool-1-thread-3] INFO c.c.b.ArrayBlockingQueueConsumer - thread pool-1-thread-3 consume task task_5
13:54:17.884 [pool-1-thread-1] INFO c.c.b.ArrayBlockingQueueProducer - thread pool-1-thread-1, produce task task_5
13:54:17.884 [pool-1-thread-2] INFO c.c.b.ArrayBlockingQueueProducer - thread pool-1-thread-2, produce task task_4
13:54:17.887 [pool-1-thread-3] INFO c.c.b.ArrayBlockingQueueConsumer - thread pool-1-thread-3 consume task task_4
13:54:17.887 [pool-1-thread-2] INFO c.c.b.ArrayBlockingQueueProducer - thread pool-1-thread-2, produce task task_2
13:54:17.887 [pool-1-thread-1] INFO c.c.b.ArrayBlockingQueueProducer - thread pool-1-thread-1, produce task task_3
13:54:17.887 [pool-1-thread-3] INFO c.c.b.ArrayBlockingQueueConsumer - thread pool-1-thread-3 consume task task_3
13:54:17.887 [pool-1-thread-2] INFO c.c.b.ArrayBlockingQueueProducer - thread pool-1-thread-2, produce task task_1
13:54:17.887 [pool-1-thread-3] INFO c.c.b.ArrayBlockingQueueConsumer - thread pool-1-thread-3 consume task task_2
13:54:17.887 [pool-1-thread-3] INFO c.c.b.ArrayBlockingQueueConsumer - thread pool-1-thread-3 consume task task_1
(推荐内容:Java面试基础题)
以上就是关于JUC
之 BlockingQueue
接口以及 ArrayBlockingQueue
实现类的相关介绍了,希望对大家有所帮助。