如何通过canvas实现裁剪图片和马赛克功能?案例详解!

猿友 2021-07-29 10:34:38 浏览数 (2783)
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如在我们日常的生活中我们时常会进行照片的裁剪和打码的各种操作,那么今天小编就来和大家分享有关于:“如何通过canvas实现裁剪图片和马赛克功能?案例详解! ”这方面的相关问题,让大家学会怎么通过html5实现照片裁剪和打码效果!

1.核心功能

  此组件功能包含:

    图片裁剪(裁剪框拖动,裁剪框改变大小);

    图片马赛克(绘制马赛克,清除马赛克);

    图片预览、图片还原(返回原图、返回处理图);

    图片上传(获取签名、上传图片)。

2.核心逻辑

2.1图片裁剪

获取裁剪框(矩形)相对于画布的位置(左上)和裁剪框的height、width。获取(getImageData)canvas相应位置的图片对象(ImageData)。清空canvas画布。在canvas画布的相应位置绘制(putImageData)获取的图片对象(ImageData)。生成预览图。

2.2图片马赛克

马赛克的绘制,就是在以鼠标划过路径(画笔宽度)为中心的区域,重新绘制成其他的颜色。一般结果是,会取周围的相近的颜色。

取色方法:

1)比如现有一鼠标划过的点的坐标(x,y),定义一个矩形左上角坐标取(x,y),宽30px,高30px。我们把矩形宽高都除以5(分成5份,可以自定义为n份),所以现在是25个6px的小格子。每个小格子宽高都是6px。

2)然后,我们随机获取一个小格子,获取(getImageData)这个小格子的图片对象(ImageData);再随机获取此图片对象上某个像素点(宽1px,高1px)的颜色color(rgba:ImageData.data[0],ImageData.data[1],ImageData.data[2],ImageData.data[3]);最后我们把第一个6x6px的小格子的每个像素点的颜色都设置为color。

3)其他24个小格子的颜色,遍历2步骤即可。

2.3清除马赛克

  我们需要理解一个问题,不管是绘制马赛克,还是清除马赛克,其本质都是在绘制图片。我们在某个位置绘制了马赛克,清除的时候,就是把原图在当前位置的图片对象再画出来。就达到了清除的效果。所以,我们需要备份一个canvas,和原图一模一样,清除的时候,需要获取备份画布上对应位置的图像,绘制到马赛克的位置。

2.4图片预览

图片预览就是获取裁剪框的区域,获取区域内的图片对象。再绘制到画布上。

2.5图片还原至原图

清空画布,再次绘制原图

2.6还原至已操作图片

预览是保存画布图片对象(ImageData),清空画布,绘制保存的图片对象至画布

2.7图片上传

获取(toDataURL)canvas图片路径,将获取到的base64图片转化为File对象。进行上传。

3.完整代码如下:

<template>
  <div class="canvas-clip" :loading="loading">
    <div
      v-show="isDrop"
      class="canvas-mainBox"
      ref="canvas-mainBox"
      id="canvas-mainBox"
      @mousedown.stop="startMove($event)"
    >
      <div class="canvas-minBox left-up" @mousedown.stop="startResize($event,0)"></div>
      <div class="canvas-minBox up" @mousedown.stop="startResize($event,1)"></div>
      <div class="canvas-minBox right-up" @mousedown.stop="startResize($event,2)"></div>
      <div class="canvas-minBox right" @mousedown.stop="startResize($event,3)"></div>
      <div class="canvas-minBox right-down" @mousedown.stop="startResize($event,4)"></div>
      <div class="canvas-minBox down" @mousedown.stop="startResize($event,5)"></div>
      <div class="canvas-minBox left-down" @mousedown.stop="startResize($event,6)"></div>
      <div class="canvas-minBox left" @mousedown.stop="startResize($event,7)"></div>
    </div>
    <!-- 画布 -->
    <canvas
      class="canvas-area"
      ref="canvas"
      id="canvas"
      :width="canvasWidth"
      :height="canvasHeight"
      @mousedown.stop="startMove($event)"
      :class="{hoverPaint:isMa,hoverClear:isMaClear}"
    ></canvas>
    <!-- 备份画布 -->
    <canvas class="canvas-copy" ref="canvasCopy" :width="canvasWidth" :height="canvasHeight"></canvas>
    <div class="canvas-btns">
      <button v-if="backBtn" @click="clipBack">返回</button>
      <button :class="{active:btnIndex==0}" @click="sourceImg">原图</button>
      <button :class="{active:btnIndex==1}" @click="paintRectReady" :disabled="isDisabled">马赛克</button>
      <button :class="{active:btnIndex==2}" @click="paintRectClearReady" :disabled="isDisabled">橡皮擦</button>
      <button :class="{active:btnIndex==3}" @click="clipReady" :disabled="isDisabled">裁剪</button>
      <button :class="{active:btnIndex==4}" @click="clipPosition">预览</button>
      <button @click="getSignature">上传</button>
      <button class="close" @click="canvasClose()">x</button>
      <!-- <div class="paint-size" v-if="isMaClear || isMa">
        <span>画笔大小</span>
        <input :defaultValue="maSize" v-model="maSize" max="100" min="1" type="range">
        <span class="size-num">{{maSize}}</span>
      </div> -->
    </div>
  </div>
</template>
<script>
import axios from "axios";
import md5 from "js-md5";
import req from "../../axios/config";
export default {
  props: ["imgUrl"],
  data() {
    return {
      resizeFX: "",
      movePrev: "",
      canvasWidth: 800, // 画布宽
      canvasHeight: 600, // 画布高
      loading: false,
      isDrop: false, // 裁剪
      isMa: false, // 马赛克
      maSize: 30, // 马赛克大小
      isMaClear: false, // 清除马赛克
      backBtn: false, // 返回按钮
      isDisabled: false,//禁用按钮
      btnIndex: 0,//当前按钮
      mouseX:'',// 鼠标位置
      mouseY:'',
      clipEle: "", // 裁剪框元素
      canvasDataSession: "", // 预览前的画布信息
      canvas: "", // 画布
      ctx: "", // 画布上下文
      canvasCopy: "", // copy画布
      ctxCopy: "", // copy画布上下文
      uploadOption: { // 图片上传参数
        path: "",
        policy: "",
        signature: "",
        username: ""
      }
    };
  },
  mounted() {
    this.clipEle = this.$refs["canvas-mainBox"];
    this.canvas = this.$refs["canvas"];
    this.ctx = this.canvas.getContext("2d");
    this.canvasCopy = this.$refs["canvasCopy"];
    this.ctxCopy = this.canvasCopy.getContext("2d");
    this.draw();
  },
  methods: {
    // 创建图片
    draw() {
      var img = new Image();
      img.setAttribute('crossOrigin', 'anonymous');
      img.onload = () => {
        this.ctx.drawImage(img, 0, 0, 800, 600);
        this.ctxCopy.drawImage(img, 0, 0, 800, 600);
      };
      img.src = this.imgUrl + '?time=' + new Date().valueOf();
    },
    //预览 计算裁剪框的位置(左上坐标)
    clipPosition() {
      this.isDisabled = true;
      this.backBtn = true;
      this.isMa = false;
      this.isMaClear = false;
      this.btnIndex = 4;
      //画布位置
      var canvasPx = this.canvas.offsetLeft,
        canvasPy = this.canvas.offsetTop;
      if (this.isDrop) {
        // 裁剪框位置
        var clipPx = this.clipEle.offsetLeft,
          clipPy = this.clipEle.offsetTop,
          x = clipPx - canvasPx,
          y = clipPy - canvasPy,
          w = this.clipEle.offsetWidth,
          h = this.clipEle.offsetHeight,
          // 预览图居中
          positionX = 400 - this.clipEle.offsetWidth / 2,
          positionY = 300 - this.clipEle.offsetHeight / 2;
      } else {
        // 没有裁剪框,保存完整图片
        var x = 0,
          y = 0,
          w = this.canvas.offsetWidth,
          h = this.canvas.offsetHeight,
          // 预览图居中
          positionX = 0,
          positionY = 0;
      }
      var imageData = this.ctx.getImageData(x, y, w, h);
      this.canvasDataSession = this.ctx.getImageData(
        0,
        0,
        this.canvasWidth,
        this.canvasHeight
      );
      this.ctx.clearRect(0, 0, this.canvasWidth, this.canvasHeight);
      this.ctx.putImageData(imageData, positionX, positionY);
      this.clipEle.style.display = "none";
      this.canvasCopy.style.display = "none";
    },
    // 返回预览前状态
    clipBack() {
      this.btnIndex = -1;
      this.backBtn = false;
      this.isDisabled = false;
      this.isDrop = false;
      this.ctx.putImageData(this.canvasDataSession, 0, 0);
      this.canvasCopy.style.display = "block";
    },
    // 原图
    sourceImg() {
      this.isDisabled = false;
      this.btnIndex = 0;
      this.backBtn = false;
      this.isMa = false;
      this.isDrop = false;
      this.isMaClear = false;
      var img = new Image();
      this.ctx.clearRect(0, 0, this.canvasWidth, this.canvasHeight);
      img.setAttribute('crossOrigin', 'anonymous');
      img.onload = () => {
        this.ctx.drawImage(img, 0, 0, this.canvasWidth, this.canvasHeight);
      };
      img.src = this.imgUrl + '?time=' + new Date().valueOf();
      this.canvasCopy.style.display = "block";
    },
    // 获取签名
    getSignature() {
      // canvas图片base64 转 File 对象
      var dataURL = this.canvas.toDataURL("image/jpg"),
        arr = dataURL.split(","),
        mime = arr[0].match(/:(.*?);/)[1],
        bstr = atob(arr[1]),
        n = bstr.length,
        u8arr = new Uint8Array(n);
      while (n--) {
        u8arr[n] = bstr.charCodeAt(n);
      }
      var obj = new Blob([u8arr], { type: mime }),
        time = new Date().toGMTString(),
        formData = new FormData();
      formData.append("file", obj);
      // 获取文件后缀
      var suffix = formData.get("file").type.split("/")[1];
      req
        .get("/carsource-api/upyun/sign", { suffix: suffix })
        .then(response => {
          if (response.data.code === 0) {
            this.uploadOption.path = response.data.data.path;
            formData.append("policy", response.data.data.policy);
            formData.append("authorization", response.data.data.signature);
            this.updateImg(formData);
          }
        })
        .catch(function(error) {});
    },
    // 上传
    updateImg(formData) {
      axios({
        url: "http://v0.api.upyun.com/tmp-img",
        method: "POST",
        data: formData
      }).then(response => {
        if (response.data.code == 200) {
          this.$message.success("图片修改成功");
          this.canvasClose("upload", response.data.url.slice(4));
        }
      });
    },
    // 裁剪框缩放 移动
    startResize(e, n) {
      this.resizeFX = n;
      $(document).mousemove(this.resizeDiv);
      document.addEventListener("mouseup", this.stopResize);
    },
    stopResize(e) {
      $(document).off("mousemove", this.resizeDiv);
      document.removeEventListener("mouseup", this.stopResize);
    },
    startMove(e) {
      this.movePrev = [e.pageX, e.pageY];
      $(document).mousemove(this.moveDiv);
      document.addEventListener("mouseup", this.stopMove);
    },
    stopMove(e) {
      $(document).off("mousemove", this.moveDiv);
      document.removeEventListener("mouseup", this.stopMove);
    },
    moveDiv(e) {
      // 马赛克
      if (this.isMa) {
        this.paintRect(e);
      }
      // 清除马赛克
      if (this.isMaClear) {
        this.paintRectClear(e);
      }
      // 裁剪
      if (this.isDrop) {
        var targetDiv = $("#canvas-mainBox"),
          offsetArr = targetDiv.offset();
        var chaX = e.pageX - this.movePrev[0],
          chaY = e.pageY - this.movePrev[1],
          ox = parseFloat(targetDiv.css("left")),
          oy = parseFloat(targetDiv.css("top"));
        targetDiv.css({
          left: ox + chaX + "px",
          top: oy + chaY + "px"
        });
        this.movePrev = [e.pageX, e.pageY];
      }
    },
    resizeDiv(e) {
      e.preventDefault();
      e.stopPropagation();
      // 获取需要改变尺寸元素到页面的距离
      var targetDiv = $("#canvas-mainBox"),
        offsetArr = targetDiv.offset();
      var eleSWidth = targetDiv.width(),
        eleSHeight = targetDiv.height(),
        ox = parseFloat(targetDiv.css("left")),
        oy = parseFloat(targetDiv.css("top"));
      // 获取鼠标位置,和元素初始offset进行对比,
      var chaX = e.pageX - offsetArr.left,
        chaY = e.pageY - offsetArr.top;
      switch (this.resizeFX) {
        case 0:
          //如果移动距离接近宽度或高度,则不进行改变
          if (chaX >= eleSWidth - 10 || chaY >= eleSHeight - 10) {
            return;
          }
          // 获得位置差(m-e),先设置宽度和高度,再设置位置
          // 原始宽高+((m-e)*-1),原始位置+(m-e)
          targetDiv.css({
            width: eleSWidth + chaX * -1 + "px",
            height: eleSHeight + chaY * -1 + "px",
            left: ox + chaX + "px",
            top: oy + chaY + "px"
          });
          break;
        case 1:
          //如果移动距离接近宽度或高度,则不进行改变
          if (chaY >= eleSHeight - 10) {
            return;
          }
          // 获得位置差(m-e),先设置宽度和高度,再设置位置
          // 原始宽高+((m-e)*-1),原始位置+(m-e)
          targetDiv.css({
            height: eleSHeight + chaY * -1 + "px",
            top: oy + chaY + "px"
          });
          break;
        case 2:
          //如果移动距离接近宽度或高度,则不进行改变
          if (chaX <= 10 || chaY >= eleSHeight - 10) {
            return;
          }
          // 获得位置差(m-e),先设置宽度和高度,设置位置
          // 原始高+((m-e)*-1),原始宽+((m-e)),原始位置+(m-e)
          targetDiv.css({
            width: chaX + "px",
            height: eleSHeight + chaY * -1 + "px",
            top: oy + chaY + "px"
          });
          break;
        case 3:
          //如果移动距离接近宽度或高度,则不进行改变
          if (chaX <= 10) {
            return;
          }
          // 获得位置差(m-e),先设置宽度和高度,再设置位置
          // 原始宽高+((m-e)*-1),原始位置+(m-e)
          targetDiv.css({
            width: chaX + "px"
          });
          break;
        case 4:
          //如果移动距离接近宽度或高度,则不进行改变
          if (chaX <= 10 || chaY <= 10) {
            return;
          }
          // 获得位置差(m-e),先设置宽度和高度,再设置位置
          // 原始宽高+((m-e)*-1),原始位置+(m-e)
          targetDiv.css({
            width: chaX + "px",
            height: chaY + "px"
          });
          break;
        case 5:
          //如果移动距离接近宽度或高度,则不进行改变
          if (chaY <= 10) {
            return;
          }
          // 获得位置差(m-e),先设置宽度和高度,再设置位置
          // 原始宽高+((m-e)*-1),原始位置+(m-e)
          targetDiv.css({
            height: chaY + "px"
          });
          break;
        case 6:
          //如果移动距离接近宽度或高度,则不进行改变
          if (chaX >= eleSWidth - 10 || chaY <= 10) {
            return;
          }
          // 获得位置差(m-e),先设置宽度和高度,再设置位置
          // 原始宽高+((m-e)*-1),原始位置+(m-e)
          targetDiv.css({
            width: eleSWidth + chaX * -1 + "px",
            height: chaY + "px",
            left: ox + chaX + "px"
          });
          break;
        case 7:
          //如果移动距离接近宽度或高度,则不进行改变
          if (chaX >= eleSWidth - 10) {
            return;
          }
          // 获得位置差(m-e),先设置宽度和高度,再设置位置
          // 原始宽高+((m-e)*-1),原始位置+(m-e)
          targetDiv.css({
            width: eleSWidth + chaX * -1 + "px",
            left: ox + chaX + "px"
          });
          break;
        default:
          break;
      }
    },
    // 裁剪
    clipReady() {
      this.btnIndex = 3;
      this.isMa = false;
      this.isDrop = true;
      this.isMaClear = false;
    },
    // 马赛克
    paintRectReady() {
      this.btnIndex = 1;
      this.isMa = true;
      this.isDrop = false;
      this.isMaClear = false;
    },
    // 橡皮擦
    paintRectClearReady() {
      this.btnIndex = 2;
      this.isMa = false;
      this.isDrop = false;
      this.isMaClear = true;
    },
    // 绘制马赛克
    paintRect(e) {
      var offT = this.canvas.offsetTop, // 距离上边距离
        offL = this.canvas.offsetLeft, // 距离左边距离
        x = e.clientX,
        y = e.clientY;
      if(this.mouseX - x > this.maSize/2 || x - this.mouseX > this.maSize/2 || this.mouseY - y > this.maSize/2 || y - this.mouseY > this.maSize/2){
        var oImg = this.ctx.getImageData(x - offL ,y - offT,this.maSize,this.maSize);
        var w = oImg.width;
        var h = oImg.height;
        //马赛克的程度,数字越大越模糊
        var num = 6;
        //等分画布
        var stepW = w/num;
        var stepH = h/num;
        //这里是循环画布的像素点
        for(var i=0;i<stepH;i++){
          for(var j=0;j<stepW;j++){
            //获取一个小方格的随机颜色,这是小方格的随机位置获取的
            var color = this.getXY(oImg,j*num+Math.floor(Math.random()*num),i*num+Math.floor(Math.random()*num));
            //这里是循环小方格的像素点,
            for(var k=0;k<num;k++){
                for(var l=0;l<num;l++){
                    //设置小方格的颜色
                    this.setXY(oImg,j*num+l,i*num+k,color);
                }    
            }
          }    
        }
        this.ctx.putImageData(oImg,x - offL ,y - offT);
        this.mouseX = e.clientX
        this.mouseY = e.clientY
      }
    },
    getXY(obj,x,y){
      var w = obj.width;
      var h = obj.height;
      var d = obj.data;
      var color = [];
      color[0] = d[4*(y*w+x)];
      color[1] = d[4*(y*w+x)+1];
      color[2] = d[4*(y*w+x)+2];
      color[3] = d[4*(y*w+x)+3];
      return color;
    },
    setXY(obj,x,y,color){
      var w = obj.width;
      var h = obj.height;
      var d = obj.data;
      d[4*(y*w+x)] = color[0];
      d[4*(y*w+x)+1] = color[1];
      d[4*(y*w+x)+2] = color[2];
      d[4*(y*w+x)+3] = color[3];
    },
    // 清除马赛克
    paintRectClear(e) {
      var offT = this.canvasCopy.offsetTop, // 距离上边距离
        offL = this.canvasCopy.offsetLeft, // 距离左边距离
        x = e.clientX,
        y = e.clientY,
        // 获取原图此位置图像数据
        imageData = this.ctxCopy.getImageData(
          x - offL,
          y - offT,
          this.maSize,
          this.maSize
        );
      this.ctx.putImageData(imageData, x - offL, y - offT);
    },
    // 关闭画布
    canvasClose(type, url) {
      this.$emit("isShowImgChange", type, url);
    }
  }
};
</script>
<style scoped>
.canvas-clip {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  z-index: 9010;
  background: #000;
}
.canvas-mainBox {
  position: absolute;
  width: 400px;
  height: 300px;
  left: 50%;
  top: 50%;
  margin-left: -200px;
  margin-top: -150px;
  border: 1px solid #FFF;
  cursor: move;
  z-index: 9009;
}
.canvas-minBox {
  position: absolute;
  width: 8px;
  height: 8px;
  background: #FFF;
}
.left-up {
  top: -4px;
  left: -4px;
  cursor: nw-resize;
}
.up {
  top: -4px;
  left: 50%;
  margin-left: -4px;
  cursor: n-resize;
}
.right-up {
  top: -4px;
  right: -4px;
  cursor: ne-resize;
}
.right {
  top: 50%;
  margin-top: -4px;
  right: -4px;
  cursor: e-resize;
}
.right-down {
  bottom: -4px;
  right: -4px;
  cursor: se-resize;
}
.down {
  bottom: -4px;
  left: 50%;
  margin-left: -4px;
  cursor: s-resize;
}
.left-down {
  bottom: -4px;
  left: -4px;
  cursor: sw-resize;
}
.left {
  top: 50%;
  margin-top: -4px;
  left: -4px;
  cursor: w-resize;
}
.canvas-btns {
  position: fixed;
  right: 50px;
  top: 30px;
  z-index: 9003;
}
.canvas-btns button {
  display: inline-blovk;
  background: green;
  cursor: pointer;
  border: none;
  width: 60px;
  height: 30px;
  line-height: 30px;
  color: #fff;
  font-size: 15px;
}
.canvas-btns button.active {
  background: rgb(32, 230, 32);
}
.canvas-btns button.close {
  background: rgb(230, 72, 32);
}
.canvas-copy {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  left: 50%;
  margin-top: -300px;
  margin-left: -400px;
  z-index: 9007;
}
.canvas-mosatic {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  left: 50%;
  margin-top: -300px;
  margin-left: -400px;
  z-index: 9009;
}
.canvas-area {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  left: 50%;
  margin-top: -300px;
  margin-left: -400px;
  z-index: 9008;
}
.paint-size{
  margin-top: 20px;
  font-size: 13px;
  color: #FFF;
  height: 30px;
  line-height: 30px;
  text-align: right;
}
.paint-size input{
  vertical-align: middle;
  background: green;
}
.paint-size .size-num{
  display: inline-block;
  width: 15px;
}
.hoverClear{
  cursor: url('./paint.png'),auto;
}
.hoverPaint{
  cursor: url('./paint.png'),auto;
}
</style> 

4.效果图如下:

效果截图

总结

通过上面我们的案例和代码分享想必大家对于:“如何通过canvas实现裁剪图片和马赛克功能?案例详解! ”这方面的相关问题也有所顿悟和了解,那么今天我们的分享就到这边啦!更多有关于html5这方面的相关内容我们都可以在W3Cschool中进行学习和了解! 


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